八国联军是指1900年（庚子年）以军事行动侵入中国的英、法、德、俄、美、日、意、奥的八国联合军队。前期由英国海军将领西摩尔率领,开始时总人数约3万人，后来有所增加。此事件最后以中国战败，联军占领首都北京、清廷政府逃往陕西西安，谈和后中国付出庞大赔款为终。

More information at Baidu.

“FULIGANA” is the notation on japanese characters that includes the Hiragana script next to the chinese character so the reader will be aware of the reading method.

For example:
かん じ
漢 字

If you want to write FULIGANA on Mac OS X, the fastest route is to download NeoOffice for Mac OS X, open a new document, and choose “Format” / “Asian phonetic guide…”.

In addition to NeoOffice, other Furigana support includes:

• Microsoft Word (though I’m not sure how to use it…)
• Egword – which has been discontinued as of Jan 2008
• Adobe Indesign – Japanese version
• LightWayText is rumored to be “worth trying”, though I haven’t yet…
• NOTE: iWork Pages does not support Furigana at this time

It would be great if I could use this editor… But it seems to no longer be available.

References:
See: http://liliy.net/blog/?p=30
See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furigana
See: http://pagesfaq.blogspot.com/2006/11/which-languages-does-pages-support.html
See: http://homepage.mac.com/thgewecke/TypingJapanese.html
See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana

矿石 kuàngshí* n. ore M:duī/¹zhǒng 铁矿石 tiěkuàngshí n. 〈min.〉 iron ore M:²kuài 出让 chūràng* v. sell (one’s own things) 拍卖 pāimài v./n. ①auction ②sell at a reduced price | Nà jiā ²diàn zhèngzài ∼ jiājù. That shop is having a sale on furniture. 储蓄 chǔxù* v. save; deposit | Zhèngfǔ gǔlì gōngmín ∼. The government encourages its citizen to deposit money in the bank. n. savings 弊端 bìduān* n. malpractice; abuse; corrupt practice | Zhège zhìdù shíxíng qǐlai huì yǒu hěn duō ∼. This system in practice will result in many problems. 制约 zhìyuē v. restrict; condition n. 〈lg.〉 inhibition; constraint 大地主 dàdìzhǔ n. big landowner/landlord M:ge/¹míng/²wèi 细则 xìzé n. detailed rules and regulations M:¹tiáo 职能部门 zhínéng bùmén p.w. functional department (any given gov’t department) 公务员 gōngwùyuán n. functionary; government employee M:ge/¹míng/²wèi 业主委员会 yèzhǔ wěiyuánhuì – Home Owners Committee 参议员 cānyìyuán* n. senator M:²wèi 国会 guóhuì* p.w. parliament; congress 说客 shuōkè n. ①persuasive talker ②〈derog.〉 lobbyist; person sent to persuade sb. ③〈trad.〉 professional intermediary hired by one ruler to persuade another M:²wèi 群体 qúntǐ n. ①〈bio.〉 colony; community; group ②integral entity ③〈bio.〉 group 劳资 láozī* n. labor and capital/management 保障 ¹bǎozhàng* v./n. ensure; guarantee; safeguard | Tā shēnghuó méiyǒu ∼. There’s no security in his life. 劳动法 láodòng fǎ n. labor law 雇用 gùyòng* v. employ; hire 经营者 jīngyíngzhě n. manager M:ge/²wèi 劳动者 láodòngzhě n. laborer; worker M:ge/¹míng/²wèi 大萧条 Dàxiāotiáo n. the Great Depression (1929-1939) 宏观 hóngguān attr. macroscopic 竞争 jìngzhēng* v./n. compete; competition | Wǒ bùpà ∼. I’m not afraid of competition. 变革 ¹biàngé v. transform; change 薪酬 ¹xīnchóu* n. salary (跟工资一样) 陈良宇: Chén Liángyǔ – Former 上海市长 – Misallocated public funds (养老金) 政策 ¹zhèngcè n. policy; political tactic 烂帐 lànzhàng* n. ①uncollected debts ②messy accounts 滞胀 zhìzhàng n. 〈econ.〉 stagflation 挖掘 ¹wājué v. excavate; unearth 掘金 juéjīn v.o. dig for gold 加减 ¹jiājiǎn* v.p. add and subtract 份额 fèn’é n. share; portion 强制性 qiángzhìxìng n./attr. mandatory nature 营利 ¹yínglì* v.o. seek profits 持股 chígǔ* v.o. hold shares/stock 豪赌 háodǔ* v. gamble with big stakes 走私 zǒusī* v.o. smuggle 融资 ²róngzī n. ①funds; financial capital ②circulate neccessary funds 作弊 zuòbì* v.o. ①practice fraud/corruption ②cheat on a test/exam | Kǎoshì bùxǔ ∼. Cheating on tests is not allowed. 机制 ²jīzhì attr. machine-processed ◆n. mechanism 化石 ¹huàshí n. fossil M:ge/²kuài 黑幕交易 hēimù jiāoyìn inside story of a shady deal 失业 ¹shīyè v.o. lose one’s job; be out of work 代价 ¹dàijià n. price; cost (of doing sth.) | Tā wèicǐ fùchūle bùshǎo ∼. He paid quite a price for this. 阶段 jiēduàn* n. ①stage; phase | Nǐ de lùnwén xiě dào shénme ∼ le? How far have you gotten in your thesis writing? ②〈min.〉 level 选举 xuǎnjǔ* v./n. ①elect (by vote) | Nǐ cānjiā ∼ le ma? Did you vote? ②〈trad.〉 select by examination 港商,台商,美商,法商,日商 Gǎngshāng* n. businessman from Hong Kong 倒卖 dǎomài v. resell at profit; scalp

蹂躏 róulìn* v. trample over; ravage
狂飙 kuángbiāo n. ①hurricane ②violent movement/force
促使 cùshǐ* v. impel; urge; spur | Zhànzhēng ∼ ²jūngōng xùnsù fāzhǎn. Wars promote the rapid development of the military industry.
热潮 rècháo n. ①upsurge ②great mass fever
契机 ¹qìjī* n. 〈phil.〉 ①juncture; turning/critical point ②moment
增速 zēngsù v.o. increase speed; speed up
反弹 fǎntán v. rise again (after a fall); pick up
监管 ¹jiānguǎn* v. keep watch on (prisoners/etc.); take charge of | Gōngdì shang de shìr ¹yóu tā ∼. He manages all matters at the construction site. n. supervision
落差 luòchā* n. ①drop in level (of water) ②head drop (in hydroelectric power plants)
成长 chéngzhǎng* v. grow up; mature; increase | Fùmǔ xīwàng háizi jiànkāng de ∼. Parents hope their children grow up healthy.
升华 ¹shēnghuá* v. ①〈phy.〉 sublimate ②raise to a higher level n. ①distillation ②sublimation
排挤 páijǐ* v. 〈pol.〉 push aside; push/elbow out | Tā ²cháng shòudào lǐngdǎo de ∼. He’s often pushed aside by his superior.
杰出 ¹jiéchū s.v. outstanding; remarkable; prominent | Zhè suǒ dàxué li yǒu hěn duō ∼ de kēxuéjiā. There are many outstanding scientists in this university.
谨防 jǐnfáng* v. guard against; beware of | Zài sēnlín li ∼ mílù. Be careful not to lose your way in the forest.
拯救 zhěngjiù v. save; rescue n. deliverance
校正 ²jiàozhèng v. proofread and correct; rectify
前沿 ²qiányán n. 〈mil.〉 forward position
领袖 lǐngxiù* n. leader M:ge/¹míng/²wèi
拐弯 guǎiwān v.o. ①turn a corner; turn | Chē yào ∼ le. The bus is going to turn (left/right). ②turn round; pursue a new course ③change one’s opinion adv. at the corner n. corner; turning suf. and more (after round numbers)
频繁 pínfán s.v. frequent; often
序幕 xùmù n. prologue; prelude
变局 biànjú n. ①critical situation: crisis ②changing situation
猜疑 cāiyí v. be suspicious; have misgivings
前夕 qiánxī* n. eve

(俗语) 青出于蓝而甚于蓝 qīngchūyúlán érshènyúlán* id. pupil surpasses teacher
(俗语) 金玉其外,败絮其中 jīnyùqíwài bàixùqízhōng ①polish only the exterior ②polished exterior not conforming to reality fair without, foul within
(俗语）明日复明日,明日何其多 míngrì fù míngrì, míngrì hé qí duō tomorrow, tomorrow, always tomorrow
能言善辩 néngyánshànbiàn f.e. eloquent; quick-tongued
答非所问 dáfēisuǒwèn f.e. irrelevant answer
各尽所能,按需分配 gèjìnsuǒnéng ànxūfēnpèi f.e. from each according to his ability to each according to his need
以毒攻毒 yǐdúgōngdú f.e. meet fire with fire (Litteral meaning: Use Poison to Attack Poison)
斯文败类 sīwénbàilèi f.e. ①scum of the literati ②polished scoundrels; ruffians in scholars’ gowns
用心良苦 yòngxīnliángkǔ f.e. ①cudgel one’s brains ②lay oneself out
大刀阔斧 dàdāokuòfǔ f.e. bold and resolute
从头至尾 cóngtóuzhìwěi f.e. from first to last; from start to finish
热血沸腾 rèxuèfèiténg f.e. burning with righteous indignation
真心实意 zhēnxīnshíyì f.e. wholeheartedly; sincerely
路遥知马力 lùyáozhīmǎlì f.e. Quality is tested over the long run.
日久见人心 rìjiǔ jiàn rénxīn v.p. time reveals a person’s heart
忠言逆耳 zhōngyánnì’ěr f.e. the truth hurts; honest advice often grates on the ear
墙头草两边倒 qiángtóucǎo liǎng biān dǎo id. be easily swayed
精明能干¹jīngmíng nénggàn s.v.* s.v. astute; shrewd; able; capable; competent; ingenious; clever
自圆其说 zìyuánqíshuō f.e. ①make plausible/tenable defense | Tā de lǐlùn bù néng ∼. His theory can not be plausible defended. ②justify oneself

述评 shùpíng n./v. review; commentary 专栏 zhuānlán* n. special column | Tā de wénzhāng zài ∼ fābiǎo le. His article was published in the editorial column. 刊物 ¹kānwù n. publication; periodical M:¹běn 叙事 xùshì v.o. narrate; recount

罚款 fákuǎn v.o. impose a fine/forfeit n. fine; forfeit; penalty M:²bǐ
没收 mòshōu* v. confiscate; expropriate | Jǐngchá bǎ tā de jiàshǐ zhízhào ∼ le. The police has taken away his driver’s license.
惩戒 chéngjiè v. ①punish sb. to teach a lesson ②draw lessons from past mistakes
感化 gǎnhuà v. help to change by persuasion/example/etc. | ∼ qīngshàonián zuìfàn rehabilitate youth criminals by example
弊病 bìbìng* n. ①malady; evil; malpractice ②drawback; disadvantage ③weakness allowing abuse
正义 ¹zhèngyì* n. ①justice ②orthodox/rectified interpretation (of ancient texts) attr. just; righteous
赔偿 péicháng* v. compensate; pay for n. reparations (paid by a defeated state)
逃税 táoshuì v.o. evade/dodge tax | Tā ¹yīnwèi ∼ ¹shòule ²fá. He was punished because he dodged tax.
审判 shěnpàn 〈law〉 v. try a legal case n. trial
受贿 ¹shòuhuì v.o. accept/take bribes | Jǐ ge zhèngfǔ guānyuán ∼ ¹yú yī ge dāngdì ¹shāngrén. Several government officials were bribed by a local businessman.
行贿 xínghuì* v.o. bribe | Tā ¹shìtú ¹xiàng wǒ ∼. He tried to bribe me.
滥用 lànyòng v. abuse; misuse
职权 zhíquán* n. official powers | Zhè bù shì wǒ ∼ fànwéi nèi de ²shì(r). This does not fall within my offical power.
徒刑 túxíng n. 〈law〉 ①imprisonment ②forced labor
上诉 shàngsù v. 〈law〉 ①appeal (to a higher court) ②state one’s case to a superior
稽查 jīchá* v. check (to prevent smuggling/etc.) n. customs officer
走私 zǒusī* v.o. smuggle
宣判 xuānpàn* v. pronounce judgment
判处 pànchǔ* v. sentence; condemn
徒刑 ²túxíng n. 〈law〉 ①imprisonment ②forced labor
上诉 ¹shàngsù v. 〈law〉 ①appeal (to a higher court) ②state one’s case to a superior
指控 zhǐkòng v. accuse; charge | Tā bèi ∼ ²fànle móushā ³zuì. He is accused of murder.
玩忽职守 wánhū zhíshǒu v.o. dereliction of duty
审批 shěnpī* v. examine and approve
贿赂 huìlù v. bribe | Tā ∼le jǐngchá. He bribed the policeman. n. bribery M:²bǐ/ ¹cì
辩护 biànhù* v. ①speak in defense of ②〈law〉 plead; defend n. 〈law.〉 brief
异议 ²yìyì n. objection; dissent | Shéi yǒu ∼? Who has any objection?
当事者 dāngshìzhě n. person(s) concerned M:ge/¹míng/²wèi
涉嫌 shèxián v. be suspected of being involved | Zhèxiē shàonián ∼ ¹yú zhè ¹zōng ànjiàn. The teenagers are suspected of being invovled in the crime.

Back in November I wrote about different Project Management systems that I’ve been experimenting with, primarily Wrike – at the time I noted several areas where Wrike was seriously deficient:

1. Safari Support
2. Time Tracking (by Task, by Resource, by Hour)
3. Chinese and Japanese support in Input Boxes
4. Homespun looking website with aliased graphics…

Not only has the Wrike team provided me with timely courteous responses to all communication, they’ve delivered on each of these issues.

Quote me here: “TODAY, Wrike has become a better Project Management solution than BaseCamp or GoPlan – Wrike’s got everything they’ve got, along with excellent Email integration that they don’t!”

口惠 kǒuhuì n. lip service; empty promise 整合 zhěnghé* n. 〈geog.〉 conformity; concordancy; integration attr. 〈comp.〉 integrated 忌讳 ¹jìhuì v. ①avoid as a taboo | Lǎo Zhāng zuì ∼ rénjiā jiào tā de xiǎomíngr. Zhang doesn’t like people to use his nickname. ②avoid as harmful; abstain from n. 珠三角 zhūsānjiǎo – Zhuangzhou, Zhuhai, Shenzhen Triangle manufacturing economic zone in South China 频发 pínfā v. happen/occur repeatedly/frequently 紧迫 jǐnpò s.v. pressing; imminent | Méi rén gǎn jiēshòu zhème ∼ de rènwù. Nobody dares to accept such an urgent task. 机遇 ¹jīyù n. 〈wr.〉 opportunity; favorable circumstances 达标 dábiāo* v.o. reach a standard 争端 zhēngduān* n. conflict; dispute; controversy | Shuāngfáng yào hépíng jiějué ∼. The two sides must solve the dispute peacefully. 抵制 ¹dǐzhì v. ①boycott ②resist | Wǒmen yào ∼ bù zhèngdāng de xíngwéi. We must resist improper behavior. 骨气[-氣] ¹gǔqì* n. ①moral integrity; backbone; fortitude; guts; spirit | Zuòrén yào yǒu ∼. One must have spirit as a human being. ②strength of calligraphic strokes 种族歧视 zhǒngzú qíshì n. racial/ethnic discrimination 终结 ¹zhōngjié* n. end; final stage 廉价 liánjià* attr. low-priced; cheap | Zhè jiā diànpù zhèngzài ∼ chūshòu shāngpǐn. The store is selling at low prices. 淘汰 táotài v. ①eliminate through selection/competition | Zài bànjuésài zhōng, Měiguó ²duì bèi ∼ le. The American team was eliminated in the semi-final. ②die out 凶猛 xiōngměng* s.v. violent; ferocious 何去何从 héqùhécóng f.e. what course to follow | Wǒ bù zhīdào ∼. I don’t know what course to follow. 利率 lìlǜ n. 〈econ.〉 interest rate | Zhè jǐ ge yuè de ∼ bùduàn xiàjiàng. The interest rate has steadily declined in the past few months. 制止 ¹zhìzhǐ* v. curb; prevent; stop | Xīn de ¹cuòshī yǒuxiào de ∼le suíyì tíjià de xíngwéi. The new regulations have effectively curbed the random price increases. 肚兜 dùdōu n. an undergarment covering the chest and abdomen M:²kuài/¹jiàn 情节 ¹qíngjié n. ①plot; story; synopsis | Zhè ²bù diànyǐng ∼ fùzá. This film has a complicated plot. ②details; circumstances ③〈lg.〉 situation 时间能证明一切 shíjiān néng zhèngmíng yīqìe – Time will answer everything 亩 ²mǔ m. (of area equal to 0.0667 hectare; 1/6 acre) 英亩 Yīngmǔ m. acre 神情 shénqíng* n. expression; look | Tā de ∼ yǒudiǎn(r) guài. His look was a bit strange. 获悉[獲-] huòxī v. 〈wr.〉 learn (of an event) 周末(上面长=mò) 未来(下面长=wèi)

I often run into words that are so difficult to translate from english to chinese or chinese to english. As I’m not a linguist or translator by profession, I wasn’t aware that the challenge that I was running into is actually quite a broad, common one. Basically, when you are translating you have choices:

Either the translator leaves the author in peace, as much as possible, and moves the reader towards him; or he leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible, and moves the author towards him. –Venuti, 1995: 19-20

Or…

“Domesticating translation” and “foreignizing translation” are the terms coined by L. Venuti (1995) to describe the two different translation strategies. The former refers to the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers, while the latter designates the type of translation in which a target text “deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreigness of the original” –Shuttleworth &Cowie, 1997:59

There’s a great article that goes into very extensive detail on the subject called “To Foreignize or Domesticate“, but for me, the point is simply that it puts your mind at peace — there reason you can’t translate it is because there’s not a word for it, so relax, you’re chinese and english are both OK.

There’s also a great dictionary on the same site with all sorts of business related words that you should be aware of.

一Q) 一匹马头朝东,尾巴朝哪里?
二Q) 爸爸是黑人，妈妈是白人，请问生出来的小孩子牙齿什么颜色?
三Q) 如果把“日”加一衡会写多少新的字？那些字？

一A) 你看过哪一匹马的尾巴是横着的? 当然是朝下面
二A) 你看过刚生出来的婴儿已经有牙齿?
三A）最少八个：白旦旧目申甲由田

通常说AA制的人有两种想法：

AA制: 人家说AA制的时候有两种想法.

a) 人要节约一点钱 要节约花费

b) 人要完全“公平“的总额分配 分配总额

如果就是“节约“，在面子上通常出问题因为有的人并没付他的部分，但是自己认为他事实付了到他的责任，所以最后付了最多钱的人的没得什么面子，而且就感觉对方小气或狡猾.

如果是完全公平总额分配, 开单之前大家要决定什么算完全“公平“的总额分配.

比如，我只喝红牛，而有人喝红酒，那是否他的酒费我也要承担一部分？, 所以请人喝酒是否我的责任? 其他人请我和红牛到我没口渴的时是否别的人的责任? 如果是B的话，最好一个人全部买单，最后大家开个会处理所有的费用，“公平“ 分配.

轮流:

轮流的好处就是什么都不用算. 有的时候买单的费用多了，有的时候少了，但是时间长了费用的分配都会比较接近接近一个公平的地方∼这样最给大家都有面子。但是自己本人还会有一点不好意思，因为我喝那么多红牛，使别人破费了，还有我真的不是很乐意换到其他的地方去, 甚至我还剥夺了主人自主选择场所的权利。

部落阁 bùluògé n. Blog
引发 yǐnfā* v. ①evoke (emotion/etc.) ②initiate; trigger; touch off | Nàge juédìng ∼le yī ²chǎng quánguó dà biànlùn. That decision triggered a national debate. n. ①〈chem.〉 initiation ②〈lg.〉 elicitation 争议 zhēngyì v./n. dispute; controversy | Zhège wèntí yǒu ∼. There’s controversy over this problem. 良性 liángxìng* attr. ①positive ②〈med.〉 benign | Zhǒngliú shì ∼ de. The tumor is benign. 学术 xuéshù* n. learning; science attr. academic | Wǒ bàba yībèizi cóngshì ∼ yánjiū. My father’s spent all his life doing academic research. 推荐 ¹tuījiàn v. recommend | Wǒ ¹xiàng ²tā ∼le Xiǎo Lǐ. I recommended Little Li to her. 预检分诊 yùjiǎn fēnzhěn “triage”

车祸 chēhuò* n. traffic accident
前任 qiánrèn n. predecessor | Wǒ de ∼ tuìxiū le. My predecessor retired. attr. ex-
微妙 wēimiào* s.v. delicate; subtle | Qíngkuàng ∼, yào xiǎoxīn. The situation is delicate. Just be cautious.
牧者 mùzhě n. shepherd M:ge/¹míng
放羊 ¹fàngyáng* v.o. ①herd sheep ②let things drift
开小灶 kāi xiǎozào v.o. give favored treatment
生物钟 shēngwùzhōng n. 〈loan〉 biological clock
自卑 zìbēi* s.v. feel oneself inferior; have low self-esteem | ∼ xīnlǐ duànsòngle tā de qiántú. His low self-esteem has ruined his future.
多米诺 duōmǐnuò n. 〈loan〉 domino
辩证法 biànzhèngfǎ n. 〈phil.〉 dialectics
辩证唯物主义 biànzhèng wéiwùzhǔyì n. 〈phil.〉 dialectical materialism
阀门 fámén n. 〈mach.〉 valve M:¹gè/²zhī
老总 lǎozǒng n. ①address to soldiers/police ②leader; head M:ge/¹míng/²wèi
核心 ¹héxīn* n. ①nucleus; core; kernel ②inner circle (of a political party/government/etc.)
诸多 zhūduō attr. 〈wr.〉 a good deal; a lot of
乳脂 ²rǔzhī n. ①butterfat ②butter
不仅 bùjǐn* adv./conj. ①not only ②not the only one | Zhè ∼ shì tā yī gè rén de kànfǎ. He’s not the only one who holds this view.
融洽 róngqià s.v. with mutual understanding; on friendly/good terms | Tāmen zài ∼ de qìfèn zhōng jīnxíngle huìtán. They had a discussion in a very friendly atmosphere.
安心 ānxīn v.o. ①feel at ease; be relieved | Wǒ ānbuxià xīn lái. I can’t feel at ease. | Zhè ràng wǒ bù ∼. This makes me feel uneasy. ②keep one’s mind on sth. | ∼ xuéxí be able to concentrate fully on one’s studies cons. ān…xīn harbor an intention | Tā ān de shì huài xīn. He has evil intentions.
智慧 ¹zhìhuì* n. ①wisdom; intelligence ②〈Budd.〉 perfect wisdom
关爱 ¹guān’ài v. express solicitude for sb.’s well-being n. concern and love M:¹fèn
激辩 ⁴jībiàn v. heated argument/debate
即将 jíjiāng* adv. about to; on the point of; soon
弥合 míhé v. close; bridge
矛盾 máodùn* s.v. contradictory n. contradiction
承诺 chéngnuò v. promise to do sth.; commitment
仍旧 réngjiù adv. still; as before | Zhè tiáo ²jiē ∼ shǐ lǎo yàngzi. This street still looks the same. v.p. remain the same
善意 shànyì* n. good will; good intentions
实译 shíyì n. actual translation (compare to yìyì – paraphrase)
意/义译 ³yìyì v./n. free translation; paraphrase
观点 guāndiǎn n. point of view; standpoint M:¹zhǒng
关键 guānjiàn* n./s.v. ①key; crux | ∼ wèntí shì lǐngdǎo wúnéng. The key problem is the incompetence of the leaders. ②door bolt/bar
养成 ¹yǎngchéng* r.v. cultivate; raise | Yào ∼ měitiān duànliàn de xíguàn. One must cultivate the habit of daily exerciese.
高空抛物 gāokōng pāowù – Throwing trash out of top floor windows
穿越 chuānyuè* v. pass through; cut across | Yìshù kěyǐ ∼ shí-kōng. Art transcends time and space.
国境 guójìng n. national territory
国情 guóqíng n. condition/state of a country
边境 biānjìng* n. border; frontier
盲区 mángqū p.w. 〈radio〉 blind area

さくら：樱花
ちかん：色狼
きれい：漂亮
しぬ：死了

你：あなた
我：わたし
她：かのじょ
他：かれ

いただきます：谢谢你，我现在开始吃吧
ごちそうさまでした：谢谢你，我吃完了
またあした：明天见

ふじさんはきれいです
あなたはにほんじんですか　（你是日本人吗？）
はい！わたしはにほんじんです　（对！我是日本人）
いいえ！わたしはにほんじんではありません（不，我不是日本人）
わたしはくどうきょうこです

经常句：それは”こーひー”です（那是咖啡）
否定句：それは”こーひー”ではありません （那不是咖啡）
疑问句：それは”こーひー”ですか？（那是咖啡吗？）

あなたはにほんじんですか　（你是日本人吗？）
はい！わたしはにほんじんです　（对！我是日本人）
いいえ！わたしはにほんじんではありません（不，我不是日本人）